Edge computing has revolutionized productivity and efficiency for manufacturing facilities. However, its broad coverage and interconnectedness also leave it vulnerable to various attacks. Understanding security challenges can help teams develop practical solutions to protect organizational data and processes.

Understanding Edge Computing

Edge computing is a type of IT architecture where data processing and analysis occur close to or within the source of data generation, making real-time insights and responses more feasible. It often utilizes a network of devices, sensors or machinery to collect, process, store and transmit information across devices or servers.

Many industries, including manufacturing, healthcare and logistics, have adopted this technology. According to data forecasts, global revenue from edge computing will reach 350 billion USD by 2027.

This widespread adoption makes sense given the benefits of edge computing. Aside from quicker data processing and responses, manufacturing companies experience a 28% decrease in operating costs on average compared to traditional solutions.

5 Security Challenges in Industrial Edge Computing

While edge computing brings significant benefits to industrial settings, it also introduces unique vulnerabilities that demand a robust security approach.

1. Defending a Larger Attack Surface

Every additional device or sensor widens the potential attack surface for your edge computing system. Industrial networks can comprise hundreds or thousands of distributed devices, making it challenging to effectively monitor all points in real time. Network segmentation, regular updates and patch management help prevent attackers from gaining unrestricted access if they can get through one device.

2. Ensuring Security Alignment Across the Network

Industrial edge systems often bridge endpoints to central servers or the cloud. For this reason, security must remain consistent throughout the entire network, with administrators having a clear and aligned understanding of security threats and corresponding countermeasures. For example, critical operational data must also have high-level defenses.

3. Preventing Infection Spread

The strength of edge computing lies in its interconnectivity. However, this level of access can also make the network vulnerable if one or more endpoints become compromised. If an attacker breaches one device, it can quickly propagate across the ecosystem, potentially shutting down production or corrupting critical data. Network segmentation can be an effective safeguard to contain such attacks.

4. Limited Security Features Per Device

Many industrial edge devices have limited security features, especially since they are designed for connection and direct exposure to the internet. These features can make them more susceptible to tampering and data theft. Encryption, regular security patches and network segmentation can add protection without disrupting operations.

5. Inconsistent Physical Security

Industrial edge devices are often installed in remote facilities, shop floors or field sites, where physical security can be lax. Unauthorized parties could easily tamper with hardware, install malicious software or steal these devices, potentially affecting the entire network. If possible, devices should live in tamper-resistant hardware. Local data encryption can also protect sensitive information.

Best Practices for Enhancing Industrial Edge Security

Tackling edge security challenges requires a proactive approach that covers both digital and physical protection. These practical strategies can help strengthen your defenses.

Implement Multi-Factor Authentication and Access Controls

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and role-based permissions help ensure that only authorized parties can access specific systems, data or applications. MFA requires multiple ways to verify a person’s identity, while access controls restrict which accounts can read specific files or modify a device’s settings.

Use Data Encryption

Industrial networks often contain sensitive information, like employee details or trade secrets. Encrypting data in transit and storage ensures that even if attackers access your data, they won’t be able to read it.

Update Devices and Software Regularly

Regular software updates and security patches ensure devices and networks have the latest protections against known cyber threats. New technologies and cybersecurity threats often evolve side by side, and postponing updates could expose your system to risks and vulnerabilities.

Continuously Monitor Threats

With hundreds or thousands of endpoints, industrial edge computing networks could significantly benefit from real-time threat detection. Continuous visibility lets you quickly identify and address threats affecting your operations and infrastructure.

Implement Physical Security Measures

While software safeguards are important, physical protection of your devices is also vital, as some attacks come from a tangible, in-person source. Physical security measures could include tamper-proof device housing, access badges, visitor logs and video surveillance.

Create an Incident Response Plan

Even with the strongest protections, some attacks may still go through. Companies must stay prepared for these circumstances with an incident response plan. The plan should document essential steps to manage specific risks, like a data breach. It should also identify key roles and communication protocols so people know how to act and who to consult.

Conduct Regular Training

Your staff is one of your primary defenses against cyber attacks. A Mimecast study shows that 95% of data breaches are a result of human error. Regular and updated cybersecurity training ensures that your staff understands key concepts and best practices to ensure the data in your edge computing system stays secure.

Building a Resilient Edge Security Strategy

Edge technology brings numerous benefits to various industries, like improved data processing, faster response times and lower operational costs. However, it also comes with unique challenges that require prompt responses. Prioritizing security through encryption, regular updates and response plans helps fill the gaps and protect your systems and information from breaches and attacks.